I. Imvelaphi yeprojekthi
Ishishini eliphakathi lokulungisa ukutya ligxile ekutyeni okuthosiweyo kunye nokulungiswa kwenyama, kwaye livelisa amanzi amaninzi amdaka eoyile kwinkqubo yemveliso, aqulethe ukungcola okufana neentsalela zokutya, iioyile zezilwanyana nezityalo kunye neeproteni. Umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi amdaka uyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu, umxholo weoyile uphezulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo kulula ukukhokelela ekuvalekeni kwemibhobho kunye nokususwa kwamanzi. Ngokwendlela yokubala isikali semveliso yeshishini, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka yi-2.5m³/h. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, amashishini kufuneka akhe iseti yenkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka esebenzayo nezinzileyo enomgangatho omncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungcola kufikelela kumgangatho kwaye kufezekiswe ukunciphisa ukulahla ukungcola.
Ii. Iindawo ezibangela intlungu kubathengi
Umthamo ophezulu weoyile kunzima ukuwujongana nawo: umxholo weoyile emanzini amdaka yi-≥80mg/L, kwaye inkqubo yonyango eqhelekileyo inefuthe elibi lokwahlula ioyile exutyiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalekeni kweeyunithi zonyango ezilandelayo, ukusebenza okuphantsi, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokulungisa.
Umthamo wokucubungula wezixhobo zokuqala awanelanga: izixhobo ezilula ezikhoyo azikwazi ukufikelela kwimfuno yokukhupha eyi-2.5m³/h, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi amdaka uyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela umngcipheko wokudlula umgangatho wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Imida emibini yendawo kunye nokulahla inkunkuma: isityalo sigubungela indawo encinci, sifuna inkqubo yonyango encinci nesebenzayo, kwaye sisombulula ingxaki yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko lwesibini.
3. Izisombululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka aneoyile eninzi kunye neemfuno zabathengi, inkqubo yonyango edibeneyo "yonyango lwangaphambi konyango + ukuncipha kwe-coagulation + ukuhluzwa koxinzelelo lwe-diaphragm kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni" yenzelwe, kwaye idosi yekhemesti kunye nokususwa kwamanzi odaka kulungiselelwe ukuphumeza ukususwa kweoyile ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
1. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo
Kwinqanaba langaphambi kokunyanga, amanzi amdaka aqala adlule kwigridi yoomatshini ukuze asuse amasuntswana amakhulu entsalela yokutya, aze angene kwi-advection oil trap, kwaye umgaqo wokwahlulwa kobunzima usetyenziswa ukususa i-oil slick (izinga lokususa ≥60%), nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wonyango olandelayo.
Isigaba sokuxinana kunye nokuxinana: Emva konyango lwangaphambi konyango, amanzi amdaka angena kwitanki yokusabela kokuxinana, kwaye i-PAC (polyaluminum chloride) kunye ne-PAM (polyacrylamide) zongezwa ngokulandelana ngepompo yokulinganisa echanekileyo. I-PAC itshabalalisa imeko ye-emulsion yeoyile, i-PAM ikhuthaza ukuxinana kwe-flocs, yenze ii-flocs eziqulethe ioyile ezilula ukuzilungisa, kwaye ifezekisa ukwahlulahlula ioyile, amanzi kunye nezigaba ezintathu eziqinileyo.
Ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo kunye nenqanaba lokuphelelwa ngamanzi: emva kokujiya, amanzi amdaka angena kwi-sedimentation tank ukuze kwahlulwe udaka namanzi, kwaye i-supernatant ikhutshwa ngokwesiqhelo. I-oily sludge esezantsi ipompelwa kwi-diaphragm filter press, kwaye umxholo womswakama we-sludge uncitshiswa ube ngaphantsi kwama-60% ngokuphuma kwe-diaphragm enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi, okwenza ikhekhe lodaka eliqinileyo lokuthuthwa kunye nokulahla ngaphandle. I-filtrate ye-pressure filter ibuyiselwa kwiyunithi yonyango lwangaphambi konyango ukuze kugqitywe unyango lwamanzi amdaka kuyo yonke inkqubo.
2. Izixhobo eziphambili kunye neeparamitha zokusebenza
Isiseko senkqubo yokucubungula sisebenzisa isixhobo sokulungisa esidibeneyo esinokusebenza nge-2.5m³/h, kunye nesixhobo sokucoca i-diaphragm esingama-30㎡.
Idosi ye-PAC: 50-80mg /L, idosi ye-PAM: 3-5mg /L, ngokomgangatho wamanzi ofanelekileyo ohlengahlengiswa ngexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sonyango esifanelekileyo;
Le nkqubo ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwedosi yekhemesti, ukususwa kwamanzi odaka kunye nezinye iikhonkco, kunye nokunciphisa ubukhali bokusebenza ngesandla.
Iv. Isiphumo sokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi
Umgangatho wokungcola uzinzile kwaye usemgangathweni: emva kokuba inkqubo iqalisiwe ukusebenza, umxholo weoyile wokungcola uncitshiswa ube ngaphantsi kwe-5mg/L, kwaye ezinye izalathisi zihambelana nemigangatho yokukhupha amanzi kwindawo ethile;
Isiphumo sokunciphisa udaka siyamangalisa: i-diaphragm filter press inciphisa umthamo wokufuma kodaka ube ngaphantsi kwama-60%, kwaye umthamo wodaka uncitshiswa malunga nama-70%, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokulahla;
Ukusebenza nokugcinwa okulula: uyilo oludibeneyo lugubungela indawo encinci, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, umthwalo womsebenzi ophantsi wolondolozo lwemihla ngemihla, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo ixesha elide.
V. Isishwankathelo setyala
Ngokusebenzisa ulungiso oluhlanganisiweyo olucwangcisiweyo, ukuhla kwe-coagulation precipitation kunye nenkqubo yokuphelelwa ngamanzi kwi-diaphragm enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, eli tyala lisombulula ngempumelelo ubunzima bonyango lwamanzi amdaka aphezulu eoyile kumashishini okulungisa ukutya. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle, izinzile kwaye incinci, engagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ukungcola kufikelela kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, kodwa ikwafezekisa ukunciphisa kunye nokulahla ukungcola kwezixhobo, inika abathengi izisombululo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ezingabizi kwaye zinokwenzeka.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-15-2025